Barolo wine, often hailed as the King of Italian Reds, is a remarkable creation that captivates the palates of wine enthusiasts worldwide. Its rich history, unique terroir, and the noble Nebbiolo grape variety are integral to its prominence in the world of fine wines. In this chapter, we will delve into the origins and history of Barolo, explore the geographical and climatic factors that make the region unique, and discuss the significance of the Nebbiolo grape in Barolo production.